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Abbreviation of ~하지 않다: ~지 않다 and ~치 않다
Vocabulary
Nouns:
두께 = thickness
Examples:
이 책의 두께는 상당합니다
= The thickness of this book is considerable
책의 두께를 재려던 참에 친구가 찾아왔어요
= I was about to measure the thickness of the book when a friend came over
달팽이의 두께 때문에 달팽이를 현미경으로 관찰치 못했어요
= Because of the snail’s thickness, I couldn’t observe it under a microscope
약초 = medicinal plants, herbs
Common Usages:
약초를 캐다 = to harvest medicinal herbs
Examples:
약초를 채취하려는 사람들이 산속으로 들어갔어요
= People who want to harvest medicinal herbs went into the mountains
약초를 이용해 약을 만드는 게 단순치 않은 경우도 있으니 전문가의 조언을 들어야 해요
= Since making medicine with herbs is sometimes not simple, you should listen to an expert’s advice
약효 = medicinal effects
Examples:
이 약은 약효가 오래 지속돼요
= The effect of this medicine lasts a long time
이 약은 약효가 빨리 나타나요
= This medicine shows its effects quickly
수시 = early acceptance to university
Notes: This is a phenomenon that is specific to Korea. Most students get accepted into University based on their scores in the Korean SAT. However, if a student’s application is particularly strong, they may be accepted to university without the Korean SAT score. If so, this is called “수시.” If they get accepted the “regular’ way via Korean SAT score, it is called “정시.”
Common Usages:
수시 원서 = early acceptance application
수시 입학 = to enter university via early acceptance
Examples:
수시로 대학에 입학하려는 학생들이 많아요
= Many students are seeking early acceptance to university
저는 고등학교 때 공부를 많이 해서 대학교에 수시로 입학했어요
= I sent a postcard to my friend from the travel destination
정시 = regular acceptance to university
Notes: This is a phenomenon that is specific to Korea. Most students get accepted into University based on their scores in the Korean SAT. However, if a student’s application is particularly strong, they may be accepted to university without the Korean SAT score. If so, this is called “수시.” If they get accepted the “regular’ way via Korean SAT score, it is called “정시.”
Common Usages;
정시 입학 = to enter university through regular acceptance
Examples:
시험을 합격지 못해서 대학교를 정시로 들어가야 되겠어요
= I couldn’t pass the test, so I’ll have to apply to the university through regular admission
한국의 대학 입학은 정시입학과 수시입학으로 나눠진다
= Admissions to Korean universities is divided into 정시 and 수시
수억 = hundreds of millions
Examples:
그 영화는 수억 명의 관객들에게 사랑받았어요
= The movie was loved by hundreds of millions of viewers
수억 원을 기부하려는 참이에요
= I am about to donate hundreds of millions of won
그 사람이 수억 원이 있으니 생계를 걱정치 않아도 돼요
= Since that person has hundreds of millions of won, they don’t need to worry about their livelihood
까닭 = reason
Common Usages:
까닭없이 = without reason
Examples:
그런 까닭에 우리가 애기를 접종치 않았어요
= For that reason, we didn’t vaccinate the baby
저는 까닭 없이 친구한테 엽서를 보냈는데 종이에 아무런 말을 작성치 않았어요
= I sent a postcard to my friend without any reason, but I didn’t write anything on the paper
엽서 = post card
Common Usages:
엽서를 부치다 = to mail a postcard
엽서를 보내다 = to send a postcard
우편엽서 = postal postcard
Examples:
친구에게 여행지에서 엽서를 보냈어요
= I sent my friend a postcard from my trip
저는 까닭 없이 친구한테 엽서를 보냈는데 종이에 아무런 말을 작성치 않았어요
= I sent a postcard to my friend without any reason, but I didn’t write anything on the paper
생계 = livelihood, a living
Common Usages:
생계를 유지하다 = to maintain a livelihood
Examples:
생계를 위해 다양한 일을 하고 있어요
= I’m doing various kinds of work to make a living
그 사람이 수억 원이 있으니 생계를 걱정치 않아도 돼요
= Since that person has hundreds of millions of won, they don’t need to worry about their livelihood
현미경 = microscope
Examples:
과학자는 현미경으로 세포를 관찰했어요
= The scientist observed cells through a microscope
달팽이의 두께 때문에 달팽이를 현미경으로 관찰치 못했어요
= Because of the snail’s thickness, I couldn’t observe it under a microscope
달팽이 = snail
달팽이를 관찰하려는 아이들이 모여들었어
= The children gathered to observe the snail
달팽이의 두께 때문에 달팽이를 현미경으로 관찰치 못했어요
= Because of the snail’s thickness, I couldn’t observe it under a microscope
Verbs:
굳다 = to solidify, to harden
Common Usages:
돈이 굳다 = to save money unexpectedly, to avoid an expense
단단히 굳다 = to become solid
Examples:
고기가 굳어 버릴 까봐 냉동치 않았어요
= I didn’t freeze the meat because I was worried it might harden
1년 동안 매일 게임을 해서 엄지손가락에 굳은 살이 생겼어요
= After playing games every day for a year, a callus formed on my thumb
관찰하다 = to observe
Common Usages:
정밀히 관찰하다 = to observe precisely
Examples:
저는 그 현상을 관찰치 못해 연구 결과가 부정확해졌어요
= I couldn’t observe the phenomenon, so the research results became inaccurate
달팽이의 두께 때문에 달팽이를 현미경으로 관찰치 못했어요
= Because of the snail’s thickness, I couldn’t observe it under a microscope
결근하다 = to be absent from work
Examples:
그 사람이 감기로 오늘 결근했어요
= That person was absent from work today due to a cold
직원들이 결근치 않도록 회사에서 좋은 분위기를 만드는 것이 좋아요
= It’s good for the company to create a positive atmosphere so that employees don’t miss work
냉동하다 = to freeze
Common Usages:
냉동실 = freezer
냉동 식품 = frozen foods
냉동 피자 = frozen pizza
Examples:
남은 음식을 냉동해서 보관했어요
= I froze the leftover food for storage
고기가 굳어 버릴 까봐 냉동치 않았어요
= I didn’t freeze the meat because I was worried it might harden
보육하다 = to look after a child
Common Usages:
보육자 = caregiver
가정보육 = home childcare
보육시설 = childcare facility
Examples:
이곳은 아이들을 보육하는 시설이에요
= This is a facility for taking care of children
그 남자의 와이프가 애기를 낳았는데 남자가 한번도 보육지 않았어요
= His wife gave birth to a baby, but he never took care of the child
체험하다 = to experience
Common Usages:
체험 학습 = field trip, field study, real life experience for learning
간접체험 = indirect experience
Examples:
저는 그것을 직접 체험치 못했어요
= I haven’t directly experienced that
아들이 어렸을 때 과학 체험 학습을 많이 했어요
= When our son was young he did a lot of science experience classes (hands on-science experience classes)
접종하다 = to vaccinate
Common Usages:
예방접종 = vaccination
Examples:
독감 예방 주사를 접종했어요
= I got a flu vaccine
그런 까닭에 우리가 애기를 접종치 않았어요
= For that reason, we didn’t vaccinate the baby
대처하다 = to handle, to deal with
Common Usages:
신속히 대처하다 = to respond quickly
대처 미흡 = inadequate response
Examples:
응급 상황에서 신속한 대처가 필요해요
= Quick response is needed in emergency situations
그녀는 감정적으로 예민치 않아 모든 상황을 침착하게 대처했어요
= She wasn’t emotionally sensitive, so she handled all situations calmly
Adjectives:
예민하다 = to be keen, acute, sensitive
Common Usages:
예민한 피부 = sensitive skin
Examples:
강아지가 원래 후각이 예민해요
= Dogs/puppies usually have a sensitive sense of smell
우리 강아지의 후각은 예민하지 않아요
= Our puppy’s sense of smell is not that sensitive
그녀는 감정적으로 예민치 않아 모든 상황을 침착하게 대처했어요
= She wasn’t emotionally sensitive, so she handled all situations calmly
부정확하다 = to be inaccurate
Examples:
저는 그 현상을 관찰치 못해 연구 결과가 부정확해졌어요
= I couldn’t observe the phenomenon, so the research results became inaccurate
아나운서가 되고 싶어서 매일 부정확한 발음 교정을 위해 큰 소리로 책을 읽었어요
= I wanted to be an announcer, so every day I would read books out loud to correct mispronunciations (of words)
자신만만하다 = to be confident
Examples:
학생은 시험에 자신만만한 태도로 임했어요
= The student approached the exam with confidence
학생은 발표 준비가 완벽지 않아 자신만만하지 못한 태도를 보였어요
= The student’s presentation preparation wasn’t perfect, so he showed a lack of confidence
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Introduction
In this lesson, you will learn about a common way to abbreviate the negative ~하지 않다. The abbreviation depends on the sound that precedes it, so let’s get started!
Abbreviation of ~하지 않다: ~지 않다 and ~치 않다
When negating a ~하다 verb or adjective, you can use ~지 않다. For example:
우리 강아지의 후각은 예민하지 않아요
= Our puppy’s sense of smell is not that sensitive
지금 빨리 와야 돼요! 자리가 넉넉하지 않아요
= Come quick! There’s not a lot of seats
Both of these sentences can be abbreviated, but the way in which it is done depends on the letter before the ~지 않다. Let’s look at how the two sentences above can be abbreviated:
우리 강아지의 후각은 예민치 않아요
= Our puppy’s sense of smell is not that sensitive
지금 빨리 와야 돼요! 자리가 넉넉지 않아요
= Come quick! There’s not a lot of seats
In both, you can see that the 하 was eliminated. These two sentences are acceptable in this abbreviated form.
You may ask, why the difference? 예민 has 치 after it and 넉넉 has 지 after it.
- If the syllable before ~하 ends in ㄴ, ㄹ, ㅁ or ㅇ, then you can abbreviate ~하지 to 치.
- If the syllable before ~하 ends in ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅅ or ㅈ, then you can abbreviate ~하지 to 지.
Below are examples ~하 being removed and 지 being changed to 치 because the syllable before 하 ends in ㄴ, ㄹ, ㅁ or ㅇ:
저는 그것을 직접 체험치 못했어요
= I haven’t directly experienced that
고기가 굳어 버릴 까봐 냉동치 않았어요
= I didn’t freeze the meat because I was worried it might harden
그런 까닭에 우리가 애기를 접종치 않았어요
= For that reason, we didn’t vaccinate the baby
직원들이 결근치 않도록 회사에서 좋은 분위기를 만드는 것이 좋아요
= It’s good for the company to create a positive atmosphere so that employees don’t miss work
제가 그 현상을 관찰치 못해 연구 결과가 부정확해졌어요
= I couldn’t observe the phenomenon, so the research results became inaccurate
그 사람이 수억 원이 있으니 생계를 걱정치 않아도 돼요
= Since that person has hundreds of millions of won, they don’t need to worry about their livelihood
그녀는 감정적으로 예민치 않아 모든 상황을 침착하게 대처했어요
= She wasn’t emotionally sensitive, so she handled all situations calmly
저는 까닭 없이 친구한테 엽서를 보냈는데 종이에 아무런 말을 작성치 않았어요
= I sent a postcard to my friend without any reason, but I didn’t write anything on the paper
약초를 이용해 약을 만드는 게 단순치 않은 경우도 있으니 전문가의 조언을 들어야 해요
= Since making medicine with herbs is sometimes not simple, you should listen to an expert’s advice
Below are examples ~하 being removed because the syllable before 하 ends in ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅅ or ㅈ. While possible, I find that these abbreviation is not nearly as common as the abbreviation of ~하지 to 치. Nonetheless, let’s look at a couple:
시험을 합격지 못해서 대학교를 정시로 들어가야 되겠어요
= I couldn’t pass the test, so I’ll have to apply to the university through regular admission
달팽이의 두께 때문에 달팽이를 현미경으로 관찰치 못했어요
= Because of the snail’s thickness, I couldn’t observe it under a microscope
학생은 발표 준비가 완벽지 않아 자신만만하지 못한 태도를 보였어요
= The student’s presentation preparation wasn’t perfect, so he showed a lack of confidence
그 남자의 와이프가 애기를 낳았는데 남자가 한번도 보육지 않았어요
= His wife gave birth to a baby, but he never took care of the child
That’s it for this lesson!