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Vocabulary
Nouns:
밤길 = a street at night
Common Usages:
밤길 운전 = driving at night
Examples:
밤길은 때로 위험할 수 있어요
= Streets at night can sometimes be dangerous
밤길에 운전하느라고 길을 건너는 고양이를 보지 못했다
= I didn’t see the cat crossing the street because I was driving at night
곤경 = trouble, predicament
Common Usages:
곤경에 처하다 = to encounter a predicament
Examples:
저는 갑자기 금전적인 곤경에 처했어요
= I suddenly found myself in financial trouble
곤경에 처한 사람을 도와주느라고 제시간에 학교에 가지 못했다
= I wasn’t able to go to school on time because I was helping a person going through some trouble
농사 = farm work
Common Usages:
밭농사 = field farming
한철 농사 = the time of the year for farming
농사를 짓다 = to farm
자식 농사 = raising children
자식 농사를 잘 짓다 = to raise one’s children well
Examples:
농사를 짓는 것은 생각보다 힘들어요
= Farm work is harder than you think
사람들이 농사를 지을 수 있는 땅을 만드느라고 산림을 훼손했다
= People ruined/damaged the forests by trying to turn the land into farmland
시금치 = spinach
Common Usages:
시금치 무침 = a type of Korean spinach side dish
Examples:
시금치는 철분이 풍부하여 영양가가 높습니다
= Spinach is rich in iron and has high nutritional value
제가 시금치를 안 사서 대신에 철분이 시금치 만큼 많이 있는 소고기를 샀어요
= I didn’t buy spinach so instead I bought beef, which has as much iron content as spinach
앵무새 = parrot
Examples:
앵무새는 사람들의 말을 따라 해요
= Parrots mimic human speech
제가 새를 싫어해서 우리 가족은 앵무새를 키우지 않았어요
= I don’t like birds so my family never had a pet parrot (never raised a parrot)
철분 = iron content (in food)
Common Usages:
철분약 = iron supplement
철분 부족 = iron deficiency
철분 검사 = iron test
Examples:
철분이 부족하면 빈혈에 걸릴 수 있어요
= Iron deficiency can lead to anemia
제가 시금치를 안 사서 대신에 철분이 시금치 만큼 많이 있는 소고기를 샀어요
= I didn’t buy spinach so instead I bought beef, which has as much iron content as spinach
빈혈 = anemia
Common Usages:
빈혈약 = anemia medicine
빈혈이 심하다 = to have serious anemia
Examples:
철분이 부족하면 빈혈에 걸릴 수 있어요
= Iron deficiency can lead to anemia
아직도 빈혈이 심해서 갑자기 일어나거나 많이 움직이면 몸이 휘청거리곤 해요
= My anemia is still severe, so if I get up suddenly or move too much I stumble from time to time
고열 = high fever
Examples:
고열이 있어서 약을 먹고 잤어요
= I had a high fever so I ate medicine and went to sleep
고열이 오르면 의식이 혼미해질 수 있어요
= High fever can cause delirium
미각 = sense of taste
Common Usages:
미각 상실 = loss of sense of taste
Examples:
미각과 후각은 맛과 냄새를 감지하는 데 사용돼요
= Taste and smell are used to detect flavors and odors
미각을 잃어서 아무것도 먹고 싶지 않았어요
= I lost my sense of taste, so I didn’t want to eat anything
후각 = sense of smell
Common Usages:
후각 상실 = loss of sense of smell
Examples:
강아지가 원래 후각이 예민해요
= Dogs/puppies usually have a sensitive sense of smell
미각과 후각은 맛과 냄새를 감지하는 데 사용돼요
= Taste and smell are used to detect flavors and odors
청각 = sense of sound
Common Usages:
시청각 자료 = audio visual material
청각장애인 = hard of hearing individual
Examples:
청각과 시각은 소리와 시력을 감지하는 데 사용돼요
= Hearing and vision are used to detect sound and sight
이어폰으로 음악을 너무 크게 들으면 청각에 좋지 않아요
= If you listen to music too loudly with earphones, it’s not good for your hearing
시각 = sense of sight
Common Usages:
시각장애인 = blind individual
Examples:
청각과 시각은 소리와 시력을 감지하는 데 사용돼요
= Hearing and vision are used to detect sound and sight
시각과 촉각을 모두 사로잡을 수 있는 작품을 만들고 싶어요
= I want to make a product that captures both one’s sense of touch and sense of sight
촉각 = sense of touch
Common Usages:
촉감 놀이 = a type of play for children to develop their sense of touch (“sensory play.”)
Examples:
촉각은 물체의 표면을 느끼는 데 사용돼요
= Touch is used to sense the surface of objects
시각과 촉각을 모두 사로잡을 수 있는 작품을 만들고 싶어요
= I want to make a product that captures both one’s sense of touch and sense of sight
주가 = stock price
Common Usages:
주가상승 = stock price rise
주가 조작 = stock manipulation
Examples:
주가는 주식 시장의 주요 지표 중 하나입니다
= Stock price is one of the key indicators of the stock market
주가가 떨어져서 많은 사람들이 고통 받고 있어요
= The stock prices are falling so a lot of people are suffering
육상 = track and field
Common Usages:
육상선수 = track and field athlete
육상경기 = track and field competition
Examples:
육상 선수를 양성하기 위해서는 큰 운동장이 필요해요
= In order to train track and field athletes you need to have a big field
제가 육상을 좋아해서 육상대회에 매번 참가했어요
= I like track-and-field so I attended the track events every time
맹물 = plain water
Common Usages:
맹물을 마시다 = to drink plain water
Examples:
운동 후에는 맹물을 마시는 것이 좋습니다
= It’s good to drink plain water after exercising
탄산수에 김이 다 빠져서 그냥 맹물 같아요
= The carbonated water lost all of its fizz, so it just tastes like plain water
탄산 = carbonic acid
Common Usages:
탄산수 = carbonated water
탄산음료 = carbonated drink
탄산이 세다 = for the carbonation to be strong
탄산이 약하다 = for the carbonation to be weak
Examples:
탄산은 탄산수에 함유되어 있어요
= Carbonic acid is contained in carbonated water
탄산수에 김이 다 빠져서 그냥 맹물 같아요
= The carbonated water lost all of its fizz, so it just tastes like plain water
탄산수 = carbonated water
Examples:
탄산수에 김이 다 빠져서 그냥 맹물 같아요
= The carbonated water lost all of its fizz, so it just tastes like plain water
탄산은 탄산수에 함유되어 있어요
= Carbonic acid is contained in carbonated water
제시간 = the right/appropriate time
Examples:
친구의 도움으로 간신히 숙제를 제시간에 끝낼 수 있었어요
= With the help of a friend, I was just barely able to finish the homework by the right time
곤경에 처한 사람을 도와주느라고 제시간에 학교에 가지 못했다
= I wasn’t able to go to school on time because I was helping a person going through some trouble
자료실 = a room with documents
Common Usages:
문헌자료실 = literature material room
Examples:
자료실에는 다양한 문서들이 보관되어 있어요
= The document room contains various documents
자료실에 있는 자료를 모두 정리하느라고 점심을 먹지 못했다
= I wasn’t able to have lunch because I was (busy) organizing all of the documents/data in the data room
Verbs:
처하다 = to encounter some sort of trouble/predicament
Common Usages:
위험에 처하다 = to encounter danger
멸종위기에 처하다 = to face extinction
Examples:
꿀벌이 사라질 위험에 처했어요
= Honey bees are facing risk of extinction
곤경에 처한 사람을 도와주느라고 제시간에 학교에 가지 못했다
= I wasn’t able to go to school on time because I was helping a person going through some trouble
허비하다 = to let something waste away
Common Usages:
인생을 허비하다 = to let one’s life waste away
Examples:
시간을 허비하지 않도록 노력해야 해요
= We should try not to waste time
인터넷 게임만 하느라고 소중한 시간을 허비했다
= I wasted my precious time by only playing internet games
유산하다 = to have a miscarriage
Examples:
그녀는 슬프게도 아이를 유산했어요
= Sadly, she had a miscarriage
제대로 쉬지 않고 계속 일만 하느라고 결국 아이를 유산했다
= I eventually had a miscarriage because I never got a chance to rest and was only working
조작하다 = to forge
Examples:
문서를 조작하면 법에 저촉될 수 있어요
= Forging documents can violate the law
가짜 지갑을 진짜 지갑처럼 조작하느라고 하루 종일 고생했다
= I struggled/worked all day because I was (trying) to make a fake purse look like a real one
훼손하다 = to damage
Common Usages:
산림을 훼손하다 = to damage a forrest
Examples:
정원에 있는 꽃을 훼손하지 마세요
= Please don’t damage the flowers in the garden
사람들이 농사를 지을 수 있는 땅을 만드느라고 산림을 훼손했다
= People ruined/damaged the forests by trying to turn the land into farmland
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Introduction
There are so many ways to create a sentence in Korean where one clause causes the next. Let’s learn about another one! In this lesson, you will learn how to use ~느라고 to connect two clauses to indicate that the reason why the second clause happened is because of the first clause. Of course, it’s not that simple! Let’s get started!
~느라고
There are many grammatical principles in Korean that allow speakers to indicate that one clause causes another. Here are the ways that you have learned you could do it so far:
| ~아/어서 | (Lesson 37) |
| ~기 때문에 | (Lesson 38) |
| ~ㄹ/을까 봐 | (Lesson 65) |
| ~ㄴ/은/는데 | (Lesson 76) |
| ~(으)로 인해 | (Lesson 78) |
| ~(으)니(까) | (Lesson 81) |
| ~다가 | (Lesson 88) |
| ~거든 | (Lesson 91) |
| ~ㄹ/을 텐데 | (Lesson 100) |
| ~(으)므로 | (Lesson 103) |
| ~더니 | (Lesson 119) |
| ~기에 | (Lesson 136) |
| ~길래 | (Lesson 136) |
You could argue that all of those grammatical principles would translate to “because” in English. That is a lot of ways so say one word in English. In Korean, each one has its own subtle nuance and appropriate situation in which it can be used. In order to use ~느라고 correctly, I would like to teach you its subtle nuance and appropriate situations of its use.
The simplest and most direct explanation anyone could give is that it is used to indicate that one cannot do an action because of other action. For example:
저는 공부하느라고 청소를 못 했어요
= Because I was studying, I wasn’t able to clean, or
= I was studying, so I wasn’t able to clean, or
= I wasn’t able to clean because I was studying
Yes, lots of ways to translate the same sentence. I’ll just stick with one from now on.
When using ~느라고, the second clause could indicate that an action didn’t happen (as above), or it could imply a negative outcome for the subject. For example:
주식을 하느라고 돈을 다 잃었다
= I put money into stocks and lost it all
I feel like the simple description I gave above and the two example sentences explain almost everything I could explain about ~느라고. However, that’s not why you came here. Let’s distinguish ~느라고 from ~아/어서, which I like to call the mother of all causality grammatical principles.
~아/어서 is used generally when one clause occurs because of another. There are few “rules” to using it, and it can generally be used in most situations that have this relation. For example:
친구를 만나서 재미있는 시간을 보냈어요 = I had a great time because I met my friend
The sentence above has a positive outcome. Therefore, you could not use ~느라고 in this sentence. For example, this sentence would be unnatural:
친구를 만나느라고 재미있는 시간을 보냈다
Instead, the second clause would have to indicate that the subject couldn’t do something or there was some sort of negative result for him/her. For example, these sentences could work if ~느라고 were used:
친구를 만나느라고 드라마를 못 봤다 = I couldn’t watch the drama because I was meeting a friend
친구를 만나느라고 집에 늦게 들어갔다 = I went home late because I was meeting a friend
Another way to distinguish ~아/어서 from ~느라고 is that the clause connected to ~느라고 should have a purpose for the subject. That is, the subject should be doing the action for a reason, and it is unnatural to use a verb that is not “purposeful” for the subject. For example, look at all of the sentences below, and notice how ~아/어서 is used to indicate that the second clause occurs “because of” the first clause:
고열이 있어서 약을 먹고 잤어요
= I had a high fever so I ate medicine and went to sleep
미각을 잃어서 아무것도 먹고 싶지 않았어요
= I lost my sense of taste, so I didn’t want to eat anything
탄산수에 김이 다 빠져서 그냥 맹물 같아요
= The carbonated water lost all of its fizz, so it just tastes like plain water
주가가 떨어져서 많은 사람들이 고통 받고 있어요
= The stock prices are falling so a lot of people are suffering
제가 육상을 좋아해서 육상대회에 매번 참가했어요
= I like track-and-field so I attended the track events every time
제가 새를 싫어해서 우리 가족은 앵무새를 키우지 않았어요
= I don’t like birds so my family never had a pet parrot (never raised a parrot)
제가 시금치를 안 사서 대신에 철분이 시금치 만큼 많이 있는 소고기를 샀어요
= I didn’t buy spinach so instead I bought beef, which has as much iron content as spinach
Now imagine that ~느라고 replaced ~아/어서 in each case. I want you to try, based on what I have taught you about ~느라고, to think of a way to possibly finish these sentences:
고열이 있느라고 …
미각을 잃느라고 …
탄산수에 김이 다 빠지느라고 …
주가가 떨어지느라고 …
제가 육상을 좋아하느라고 …
제가 앵무새를 싫어하느라고 …
제가 시금치를 안 사느라고 …
I cannot, and my wife cannot think of any way to finish those sentences to make them sound natural. The clauses above lack purpose for the subject.
The subject of the sentence does not need to be the speaker. For example, I could be talking about my father when I say this sentence:
아빠가 평생 일만 하느라고 여행을 많이 하지 못했다
= Dad only worked his whole life, so he didn’t travel much
Before we finish, let’s look at a bunch of example sentences to give you even more of a feel for how it can be used:
인터넷 게임만 하느라고 소중한 시간을 허비했다
= I wasted my precious time by only playing internet games
사람들이 농사를 지을 수 있는 땅을 만드느라고 산림을 훼손했다
= People ruined/damaged the forests by trying to turn the land into farm land
밤길에 운전하느라고 길을 건너는 고양이를 보지 못했다
= I didn’t see the cat crossing the street because I was driving at night
가짜 지갑을 진짜 지갑처럼 조작하느라고 하루 종일 고생했다
= I struggled/worked all day because I was (trying) to make a fake purse look like a real one
제대로 쉬지 않고 계속 일만 하느라고 결국 아이를 유산했다
= I eventually had a miscarriage because I never got a chance to rest and was only working
늦게까지 공부하고 자느라고 핸드폰 알람소리를 듣지 못했다
= I didn’t hear the sound of my alarm because I was up late studying
자료실에 있는 자료를 모두 정리하느라고 점심을 먹지 못했다
= I wasn’t able to have lunch because I was (busy) organizing all of the documents/data in the data room
새로운 정책에 대해 오래 회의하느라고 중요한 미팅을 놓쳤다
= I missed the important meeting because I had a long meeting about the new policy
곤경에 처한 사람을 도와주느라고 제시간에 학교에 가지 못했다
= I wasn’t able to go to school on time because I was helping a person going through some trouble
That’s it for this lesson!