Lesson 51: ~기도 하고… ~기도 하다

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “어걍”

Notes: 사투리 (dialect) and 억양 (accent) are a little bit different. If you speak Korean with a 사투리, you probably come from a different part of the country and use different words and even sentence endings compared to the people in Seoul. It may be incomprehensible to a person in Seoul to hear a 사투리 of Korean. For example, the equivalent to “먹었어” in the Jeju dialect could be “먹언” – something that is incomprehensible to a person in Seoul.

However, an 억양 is more about the pronunciation of words being different. For example, a foreigner speaking Korean will most likely have a different “억양” compared to the native Korean speakers.

Examples:
한국 사람들이 영어로 말할 때는 특이한 억양이 있어요
= When Korean people speak in English, they have a unique accent

유럽 사람들이 쓰는 영어 억양의 개수를 세기도 하고 비교하기도 했어요
= I counted as well as compared the number of English accents used by European people

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “빋”

Common Usages:
빚을 갚다 = to pay back a debt
빚보증을 서다 = to guarantee (co-sign) somebody’s debts

Examples:
빚을 빨리 갚아야 되겠네
= Oh, I should probably pay off this debt quickly

사고 싶은 것이 많아서 빚이 없었으면 좋겠어요
= I wish I didn’t have (any) debt because there are a lot of things that I want to buy

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “빋”

Common Usages:
빗자루 = broom
머리빗 = hair comb
꼬리빗 = a specific type of flat comb

Examples:
앞머리가 있으면 꼬리빗을 꼭 가지고 다녀야 해요
= If you have bangs, you must (go around carrying) have a comb

백화점에서 구매한 빗이 질이 좋아서 아직까지 쓰고 있어요
= The quality of the comb I purchased at the department store is so good that I am still using it

Notes: “솔” is not usually used to refer to a brush that one would use to “brush” his/her hair. When brushing your hair, the word “빗” or “브러쉬” would be used. “솔” is typically used to refer to a brush that is used for cleaning.

Common Usages:
칫솔 = toothbrush

Examples:
솔이 있으면 먼지 청소를 할 때 편해요 = If you have a brush, it is easy/comfortable to clean dust
청소할 때 쓰는 솔은 자주 바꿔야 해요 = You need to change the brush that you use to clean often

Common Usages:
치약을 짜다 = to squeeze the toothpaste

Examples:
제가 치약을 사기도 하고 칫솔을 사기도 했어요 = I bought toothpaste and a toothbrush too
치약을 너무 많이 묻혀서 양치를 하는 것은 좋지 않아요 = It is not good go brush your teeth using too much toothpaste

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “치쏠”

Notes: This word contains a 사이시옷. For information about this, see Lesson 131.

Examples:
제가 치약을 사기도 하고 칫솔을 사기도 했어요 = I bought toothpaste and a toothbrush
칫솔은 2개월에 한번씩 교체해야 돼요 = You should change your toothbrush once every two months
칫솔에 물을 묻히기 전에 치약을 짜야 돼요 = You should put (squeeze) toothpaste onto your toothbrush before putting water onto it

Common Usages:
화학자 = chemist
화학과 = department of chemistry
화학물질 = chemical
화학반응 = chemical reaction

Examples:
저는 화학도 가르쳐요 = I teach chemistry too (in addition to other subjects)
화학은 매우 흥미로워요 = Chemistry is very interesting
나는 화학을 이해할 수 없어 = I can’t understand Chemistry
대학교에서 철학이나 화학을 공부하고 싶어요? = In University, do you want to study philosophy or chemistry?

Common Usages:
철학자 = philosopher
철학과 = department of philosophy

Examples:
대학교에서 철학이나 화학을 공부하고 싶어요?
= In University, do you want to study philosophy or chemistry?

아르키메데스는 철학을 가르치기도 하고 중요한 발명품을 발명하기도 했어요
= Archimedes taught philosophy and also invented important inventions too

Common Usages:
뱀가죽 = snake skin
가죽가방 = leather bag
악어가죽 = alligator skin
가죽소파 = leather sofa
가죽바지 = leather pants

Examples:
가죽을 입거나 고기를 먹거나 둘 다 동물을 죽이는 것이에요
= If you wear leather or eat meat, both of them are killing animals

그 남자가 악어가죽신발을 신고 있어서 못생겨 보이지 않아요?
= That person is wearing alligator skin (leather) shoes, so doesn’t he look ugly?

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “아거”

Notes: Korean people typically don’t distinguish between alligators and crocodiles. I know they are different, but most people in the world don’t. You can specifically refer to a crocodile with the word “크로커다일.”

Common Usages:
악어가죽 = alligator skin

Examples:
그 남자가 악어가죽신발을 신고 있어서 못생겨 보이지 않아요?
= That person is wearing alligator skin (leather) shoes, so doesn’t he look ugly?

악어를 실제로 볼 수 있는 곳이 한국에는 동물원밖에 없어요
= Other than in zoos there is no place in Korea to actually see alligators

크로커다일과 악어는 비슷하게 생겨서 구분하기 힘들어요
= Crocodiles and alligators look very similar so it is hard to distinguish them

Examples:
슬기가 새로운 발명품을 만들어서 부자가 됐어요
= Seulgi made a new invention, so she became rich

발명품을 완성하자마자 그 과학자는 특허를 냈어요
= As soon as the scientist completed his invention, he/she got it patented

아르키메데스는 철학을 가르치기도 하고 중요한 발명품을 발명하기도 했어요
= Archimedes taught philosophy and also invented important inventions too

Common Usages:
강남스타일 = Gangnam Style
스타일이 좋다 = to have a good style

Examples:
제 이상형은 스타일이 좋은 남자예요 = My ideal type is a man with good style
저는 그런 스타일의 셔츠를 못 입어요 = I can’t wear that style of shirt
그 여자가 예쁜데 내 스타일이 아니야 = That girl is pretty, but she is not my style

Common Usages:
향수를 뿌리다 = to spray/sprinkle perfume

Examples:
첫인상에 어떤 향수를 뿌리는지는 많은 영향을 미쳐요
= The type of perfume that you use (spray) has a big impact on a first impression

제가 나갈 때 가끔 향수를 뿌리기도 하고 가끔 안 뿌리기도 해요
= When I go out, sometimes I put on (spray) perfume, sometimes I don’t

Common Usages:
코털 = nose hairs
콧구멍 = nostril
코딱지 = boogers
코를 파다 = to pick one’s nose
코를 풀다 = to blow one’s nose
콧물(이 나다) = liquid from one’s nose (a runny nose)
코피(가 나다) = blood from one’s nose (a nose bleed)
낮은 코 = a low nose
높은 코 = a high nose (Korean people think that people with “high noses” are good looking)

Examples:
한국 사람들이 코가 높은 사람들이 제일 잘생겼다고 생각해요
= Korean people think that people with high noses are the most handsome

계절이 바뀔 때마다 알레르기가 있는 사람들은 코가 간지러워져요
= Each time the season changes, the noses of people with allergies get itchy

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “코꾸멍”

Notes: This word contains a 사이시옷. For information about this, see Lesson 131.

Common Usages:
콧구멍이 크다 = to have big nostrils

Examples:
제 친구 중 한 명은 콧구멍이 커서 엄지 손가락을 넣을 수 있어요
= One of my friends nostrils are so big that he can put his thumb into them

Notes: The word for a green onion is just “파”
The word for a leek (which is really just a big green onion) is “대파”

Common Usages:
양파즙 = squeezed onion juice
양파 껍질 = onion peel

Examples:
양파 껍질을 다 벗겨 주세요 = Please peel all the onions for me
햄버거 한 개 주세요. 양파 빼고요 = One hamburger please. And hold the onions.
양파를 자르는 김에 당근도 잘라주세요 = While you cut the onions, also cut the carrots please!
양파가 아주 싸서 수십 개를 살까 해요 = I am thinking about buying dozens of onions because they are very cheap
양파를 작은 조각으로 썰고 재료를 다 섞으세요 = Chop the onions into small pieces and mix all the ingredients

Common Usages:
양말을 신다 = to put on socks
양말을 신기다 = to put socks on someone else
양말을 벗다 = to take off socks
양말을 벗기다 = to take socks off of someone else
발목 양말 = ankle socks

Examples:
양말을 벗겨 주세요 = Please take off my socks
이 양말을 오른발에 신겨 주세요 = Please put this sock on my right foot
저는 종업원한테 양말이 어디에 있냐고 물어봤어요 = I asked the worker where the socks are

Notes: This word refers to a crack (an small open space), but it can also refer to a “chance” or “opportunity” as it refers similarly to a small open space. For example, imagine you want to eat a cookie, but your father is in the kitchen and he won’t let you. However, the moment he goes to the bathroom, you have your “chance” to eat the cookie. This “chance” is like a crack in your father’s watch that you slip into to grab a cookie.

Common Usages:
틈을 타다 = to make the most of a chance

Examples:
부모님이 안 계신 틈을 타서 여자 친구를 만났어요
= I made the most of the opportunity of my parents not being here and met my girlfriend

선생님이 저를 안 보는 틈에 저는 몰래 교실 밖으로 나왔어요
= In the space of time the teacher wasn’t looking at me, I came out of the classroom without him knowing

현관문 바닥에 작은 틈이 있어서 이를 막으려고 테이프를 붙였어요
= On the floor of the porch door, there is a small crack, so I stuck tape on it to block it

Notes: At the school that I work at, there are a bunch of men who have the job of fixing any broken things around the school. The school refers to these men as “시설 관리인” which I would translate to “facility custodians.”

Common Usages:
시설을 운영하다 = to manage facilities
시설을 확장하다 = to expand facilities

Examples:
우리 회사가 내일부터 모든 시설을 대체하기 시작할 거예요
= Our company will start replacing all of the facilities from tomorrow

새로 지어진 공원에 운동 시설이 매우 좋아서 많은 사람들이 거기에서 운동을 해요
= The newly built park has very good exercise facilities so many people exercise there

서울에는 많은 문화생활을 즐길 수 있는 시설이 많은 반면에 서쪽 지역에는 문화생활을 즐길 수 있는 시설이 거의 없어요
= In Seoul, there are many facilities in place for people to enjoy a cultured life, but on the other hand, in the western areas there are barely any of those things

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “개쑤”

Notes: “개” refers to (and is a counter for) a thing, and “수” refers to a number. You can see a similar word in 명수 where “명” refers to (and is a counter for) people.

Common Usages:
개수를 세다 = to count the number of things

Examples:
이 바구니 안에 들어 있는 공의 개수를 정확히 맞추면 선물을 줘요
= If you guess the correct number of balls in this basket, we will give you a present

유럽 사람들이 쓰는 영어 억양의 개수를 세기도 하고 비교하기도 했어요
= I counted as well as compared the number of English accents used by European people

Notes: “명” refers to (and is a counter for) people, and “수” refers to a number. You can see a similar word in 개수 where “개” refers to (and is a counter for) things.
The word “인원” is also commonly used to refer to a number of people as well.

Common Usages:
명수를 세다 = to count the number of people

Examples:
1반과 2반의 명수가 같아서 체육 시간에 게임을 할 때 편해요
= The number of students in class 1 and class 2 is the same, so it is easy/comfortable to play a game during PE class.

각 반마다 명수를 세서 도시락을 총 몇 개 준비할지 알아봤어요
= I counted the students in each class, and found out the total number of lunch boxes that have to be prepared

Common Usages:
대화를 나누다 = to have a conversation with
대화가 안 된다 = for it to be difficult to have a conversation with
대화가 잘 통하다 = to be able to have a conversation easily with

Examples:
여자친구는 다른 여자와 대화를 하지 말라고 했어요
= My girlfriend told me not to talk to (have a conversation with) other girls

친구들끼리는 반말을 쓰고, 어른들과 대화를 할 때는 존댓말을 써요
= Among friends, casual speech is spoken, and when talking to adults, formal/polite speech is used

저도 일본에 있을 때 더듬거리며 일본어 하는 외국인과 대화를 나누게 되었다면 매우 기뻐서 발음이 이상하든 문법이 엉터리든 “일본어 잘 하시네요~”라고 해요
= I too, when in Japan, if having a conversation with a foreigner struggling to speak Japanese, am so glad (that he is trying), that whether his pronunciation is strange, or his grammar is all mixed up, I say “Oh, you speak Japanese really well.”

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “빋따”

Common Usages:
머리를 빗다 = to comb one’s hair

Examples:
머리를 감고 나서 머리를 안 빗으면 머리가 다 엉켜요
= After you wash your hair, if you don’t comb it your hair gets all tangled

머리를 묶기 전에 빗으로 잘 빗어주면 더 예쁜 머리를 할 수 있어요
= Before tying your hair, if I comb it for you really well with a comb, I can make your hair prettier

The noun form of this word (“비교”) translates to “a comparison.”

비교하다 can be used simply in sentences to mean “to compare” with ~와, ~과, ~랑, ~이랑 or ~하고 attached to the noun that the object is being compared with For example:

저를 그 사람과 비교하지 마세요 = Don’t compare me with that person
저의 시어머니가 저를 자기 딸과 항상 비교해요 = My mother-in-law always compares me to her daughter

You can use the grammatical principles like ~(으)면 or ~아/어서 to create sentences that say “if/when one compares.” For example:

저를 그 사람과 비교하면 저는 더 똑똑해 보여요
= If you compare me to that person, I look smarter

이 차를 BMW와 비교하면 이 차는 훨씬 싸요
= If you compare this car with a BMW, this car is much cheaper

이 베개를 저것과 비교하면 이 베개가 훨씬 부드러워요
= If you compare this pillow with that one, this pillow is much softer

다른 건강 식품과 비교하면 인삼이 몸에 더 좋아요
= If compared to other health products ginseng is better for your body

Common Usages:
발명가 = inventor

Examples:
에디슨은 전구를 발명했어요 = Edison invented the light bulb

발명품을 완성하자마자 그 과학자는 특허를 냈어요
= As soon as the scientist completed his invention, he/she got it patented

아르키메데스는 철학을 가르치기도 하고 중요한 발명품을 발명하기도 했어요
= Archimedes taught philosophy and also invented important inventions too

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “끄리다”
The passive form of this word is “끓다” (to be boiling)

Common Usages:
물을 끓이다 = to boil water
육수를 끓이다 = to boil (meat) broth
라면을 끓이다 = to boil/make ramen noodles

Examples:
물을 냄비에 끓이세요 = Boil the water in a pot

제가 된장찌개를 끓일 때마다 할머니께서 맛있게 드셔요
= Every time I make (boil) 된장찌개, Grandma always eats it well (“deliciously”)

국을 끓일 때 조개를 넣어서 육수를 내면 국물이 더욱 맛있어요
= When you make “boil” soup, if you put clams into the broth, the (soup) water tastes more delicious

Examples:
욕실 바닥을 솔로 솔질해서 깨끗하게 청소했어요
= I cleanly brushed/cleaned the bathroom floor with a brush

약을 바르고 구두를 솔로 잘 손질하면 구두가 반짝거려요
= If you spread shoe polish on your (dress) shoes and brush it (with a brush) they will be all shiny

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “진하카다”

Common Usages:
대학교에 진학하다 = to enter a university
고등학교에 진학하다 = to enter a high school

Examples:
부모님은 제가 대학교에 진학하도록 하셨어요 = My parents made me to go to University
우리 학교에서 많은 학생들이 대학교에 진학해요 = Many students from our school enter university
대학교에 진학하든지 진학하지 않든지 열심히 공부해야 돼요 = It doesn’t matter if you go to University or not, you need to study hard

Common Usages:
…수를 세다 = to count the number of
명수를 세다 = to count the number of people
개수를 세다 = to count the number of things

Examples:
숨바꼭질을 할 때 보통 술래는 숫자를 1부터 10까지 세요
= When you play hide-and-seek, the person who is it counts from 1 to 10

각 반마다 명수를 세서 도시락을 총 몇 개 준비할지 알아봤어요
= I counted the students in each class, and found out the total number of lunch boxes that have to be prepared

이 바구니 안에 들어 있는 공의 개수를 정확히 맞추면 선물을 줘요
= If you guess the correct number of balls in this basket, we will give you a present

학교가 끝나고 나는 매우 행복했다. ‘집에 가면 맛있는 케이크와 음식이 있겠지?’. 기쁜 마음으로 집에 도착했다. 그리고 숫자 3을 셌다.
= After school, I was very happy. ‘When I go home, there will be delicious cake and food, right?’ I arrived home with my happy/glad heart. Then, I counted to three.

The noun form of this word (“사과”) translates to “an apology.”

Common Usages:
정중히 사과하다 = to apologize respectfully
진심으로 사과하다 = to apologize sincerely

Examples:
저는 아빠에게 사과하기 싫어요 = I don’t want to apologize to dad
그 친구가 죽기 전에 내가 사과할걸 = Before that friend died, I should have apologized

그 사람이 내가 무례하다고 생각할까 봐 그에게 사과했어요
= I was worried that that person would think I am rude, so I apologized to him

학생은 친구한테 돈을 돌려주기도 했고 선생님께 사과하기도 했어요
= The student returned the money to his friend and also apologized to the teacher too

Common Usages:
소금을 뿌리다 = to sprinkle salt
설탕을 뿌리다 = to sprinkle sugar
향수를 뿌리다 = to spray perfume

Examples:
화단에 물을 다 뿌렸느냐고 물어봤어요
= I asked if you sprayed all of the water on the plants/flowers

지금 뿌리는 것이 농약이 아니라 그냥 물이에요
= The thing that I am spraying now is not pesticide, it is just water

중국 사람들은 소금을 뿌리는 것 대신에 음식에 간장을 써요
= Instead of using salt, Chinese people put/use soy sauce on their food

제가 나갈 때 가끔 향수를 뿌리기도 하고 가끔 안 뿌리기도 해요
= When I go out, sometimes I put on (spray) perfume, sometimes I don’t

The active form of this word is “끓이다” (to boil)

Common Usages:
물이 끓다 = for water to be boiling

Examples:
라면을 맛있게 먹으려면 물이 팔팔 끓어야 해요
= If you want Ramen to be really tasty the water should come to a full boil
(팔팔 is an adverb used to provide feeling to something blazing hot)

물이 끓기 시작하면 불을 끄고 찻잎을 넣으면 맛있는 차가 돼요
= If, when the water starts to boil, the fire is turned off and the tea leaves added, good/tasty tea results

Examples:
인생에서 배움은 끝이 없어요 = Learning in life has no end
끝없이 펼쳐진 바다를 보면 기분이 좋아요 = When I look at the endlessly stretched out ocean, I feel good
끝없이 일을 하면 제가 불행하기도하고 힘들기도 해요 = When I do work endlessly, I am unhappy and (feel) difficult

Common Usages:
미묘한 차이 = a subtle difference
미묘한 기류 = some sort of awkward feeling between people that they can feel but can’t really express. For example, imagine you bump into your ex-girlfriend while with your current girlfriend. In this situation, there will be a “미묘한 기류” between the two girls. Even though nobody is saying anything about the awkwardness, everybody can feel it.

Examples:
두 사람 사이에는 알 수 없는 미묘한 기류가 있어요
= There is an “awkward feeling” between the two people

두 식당의 음식을 비교했지만 맛의 차이가 미묘하기도 하고 가격이 비슷하기도 했어요
= I compared the food of the two restaurants, but the difference in taste was subtle and the price is was similar too

The noun form of this word (“불행”) translates to “unhappiness.”

Common Usages:
불행한 삶 = an unhappy life

Examples:
그냥 내 삶 전반이 불행한 것 같아서…
= I’m just unhappy about my life in general…

손님이 불행에 찬 눈으로 주인을 봤어요
= The customer looked at the owner with eyes “full of” unhappiness

그 모든 불행한 일을 겪고도 미소를 그렇게 자주 짓는 것은 어렵지 않아요
= Even after experiencing (going through) all that unhappiness, it is not difficult to smile often like that

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “밉따”

Notes: This word is most commonly said by itself (usually by younger people) when they are annoyed or mad at somebody in a cute joking way – especially among grade school students simply as “미워!”

Examples:
남편을 많이 사랑하지만 가끔 밉기도 하고 귀찮기도 해요
= I love my husband a lot, but sometimes he pisses me off, and sometimes he is annoying