Lesson 46: I have to/I need to ~아/어야 하다/되다/지/겠다, ~ㄹ 필요가 있다/없다

Common Usages:
… 예외로 하고… = except for…
예외 없이 = without exception

Examples:
그것은 유일한 예외예요 = That is the only exception
예외를 다 설명할 필요가 있어요 = You need to explain all of the exceptions

영어문법을 공부할 때 예외를 그냥 다 외워야 돼요
= When you study English grammar, you just need to memorize all of the exceptions

신입생만 예외로 하고 모든 학생들이 체육대회에 참가해야 해요
= With the exception of freshmen, all students must participate in the physical competition/event

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “복싸기”

Examples:
복사기를 수리해야 되었어요 = We had to repair the photocopier
우리 회사는 새로운 복사기가 필요해요 = Our office needs a new photocopier

칼라 복사기가 있는 곳을 찾기 위해 한 시간 넘게 걸어 다녔어요
= In order to find a place with a color photocopier, I walked around for over an hour

오늘 새로운 복사기가 올 거라서 이 오래된 것을 버려야 돼요
= The new photocopier will come today, so we have to throw out this old one

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “시닙쌩”

Common Usages:
신입생 입학설명회 = an information session for potential freshmen
신입생 환영회 = freshmen orientation

Examples:
신입생들에게 반말을 해야지 = You should speak in 반말 to the freshmen students
신입생들을 위해 선물을 준비해야 할 거예요 = We will have to prepare a present for the freshmen
신입생만 예외로 하고 모든 학생들이 체육대회에 참가해야 해요 = With the exception of freshmen, all students must participate in the physical competition/event

Common Usages:
운명적으로 = fatefully
운명적인 사랑 = fateful love
운명에 맡기다 = to leave things to fate/to let things happen as they should

Examples:
운명을 믿어야지 = You need to trust (in) fate
제가 당신을 만나게 된 건 하늘이 정해준 운명이에요 = Meeting you was fate set by the heavens
사람들이 언젠가 죽는 것은 어쩔 수 없는 운명이다  = The fact that people die someday is an inevitable fate/destiny

Common Usages:
시력보호 = protection of one’s vision/eyesight
시력이 떨어지다/나빠지다 = for one’s eyesight to get worse
시력이 좋아지다 = for one’s eyesight to get better

Examples:
시력이 안 좋아서 안경을 써야 돼요 = My eyesight isn’t good so I have to wear glasses

시력이 워낙 안 좋아서 화면에 가까이 있어야 되었어요
= My eyesight isn’t good, so I had to be close to the screen

시력보호를 위해 어렸을 때부터 텔레비전을 멀리서 보는 습관을 갖는 것이 중요해요
= To protect your eyesight, it is important to get in the habit of watching television from far away from when you are young

Common Usages:
조갯살 = the “meat” (edible part of) a shell fish/clam

Examples:
조개를 넣어야지 = You need to put clams in
국을 끓일 때 조개를 넣어서 육수를 내면 국물이 더욱 맛있어요 = When you make “boil” soup, if you put clams into the broth, the water (“soup water”) tastes more delicious

Common Usages:
캐릭터 분석 = character analysis

Examples:
그 영화가 영웅 캐릭터가 필요해요 = That movie needs a hero character
강한 캐릭터를 만들 필요가 있어요 = We need to make a strong character

좋은 영화배우가 되기 위해서는 자기가 맡은 역할의 캐릭터 분석을 꼼꼼히 해야 해요
= To become a good movie actor, it’s essential to meticulously analyze the character of the role taken on

캐릭터 산업은 꾸준히 성장하고 있는 산업으로서 더 많은 투자가가 필요합니다
= The character industry continues to develop as an industry, so we need more investors

Examples:
영웅이 왕비를 살려야지 = The hero should save the queen

김연아 선수는 모든 대한민국 국민들이 좋아하는 스포츠 영웅과 같은 선수예요
= Kim Yeo-na is the kind of sports hero all Korean citizens like/love

끝까지 최선을 다할 수 있도록 힘을 주신 저의 어머님이 진정한 영웅이에요
= My mother, who puts everything she has into things (who always does her best) is a true/real hero

Common Usages:
건국신화 = the myth of how a nation is born (Korea’s is particularly interesting)
단군신화 = the myth of “Dangun”

Examples:
한국의 건국신화는 모두가 알아야 하는 상식입니다
= Korea’s “birth myth” is common knowledge that all people need to know

가난한 집안에서 태어나 이렇게 큰 성공을 이룬 이 사람의 이야기는 신화와 같아요
= The story of this person being born into a poor family and achieving this much success is like a myth/legend

Examples:
영웅이 왕비를 살려야지 = The hero should save the queen
모든 사람들이 왕비가 하는 말을 동의해야 돼요  = Everybody has to agree with what the queen says

세계에서 가장 잘 알려진 왕비 중 한 명은 영국의 왕비에요
= The most well known queen in the world is the Queen of England

왕비가 존재하는 나라는 현재 별로 많지 않아요
= There aren’t that many nations that currently have a queen

Notes: This word is used to refer to the screen of something electric – like a television, computer or movie screen. To refer to the screen that keeps bugs out, the word “방충망” should be used.

Common Usages:
화면이 안 보이다 = to not be able to see the screen

Examples:
다들 화면을 볼 수 있도록 조금 비켜 주세요 = Please move a little bit so that everybody can see the screen
로그인을 이미 했지만 그 화면이 안 보여요 = I already logged in, but I don’t see that screen
시력이 워낙 안 좋아서 화면에 가까이 있어야 되었어요 = My eyesight isn’t good, so I had to be close to the screen

Common Usages:
울타리를 쌓다 = to build/put up a fence
가족이라는 울타리 = the idea that a family acts as a fence to protect somebody (a child)

Examples:
울타리를 넘어야 돼요 = We need to go over the fence

강아지가 울타리를 뛰어 넘고 토끼를 뒤따라갔어요
= The puppy jumped over the fence and chased after the rabbit

저는 가족이라는 울타리 안에서 행복하게 유년시절을 보냈어요
= I spent childhood happily within what is known as the “fence of family”

The noun form of this word (“동의”) translates to “an agreement”
This word is sometimes pronounced as “동이하다”

Common Usages:
동의서 = a consent form
동의함 = “I agree/accept” (usually printed on documents or the internet where you need to indicate that you “accept” something like the terms and conditions)

Examples:
제 말에 동의해야 해요 = You need to agree with what I’m saying
모든 사람들이 왕비가 하는 말을 동의해야 돼요 = Everybody has to agree with what the queen says

그 규칙에 동의하든지 안 하든지 그 규칙을 따라야 돼요
= It doesn’t matter if you agree with the rule or not, you have to follow it

야당이 새로운 정책에 동의하게 하기 위해 거짓말을 했어요
= We lied in order to make the opposition (party) agree with the new policy

이 의견에 동의하지 않는 사람은 제 사무실로 오후에 찾아오세요
= People who don’t agree with this opinion, please come and see (“find”) me in my office this afternoon

Common Usages:
철저히 검토하다 = to review thoroughly

Examples:
결과를 다시 검토해야겠다 = We’ll have to examine the results again
결과를 발표하기 전에 자료를 검토해야 돼요 = Before announcing the results, we need to examine the data

이 자료를 철저히 검토하고 나서 모두들 준비가 되면 회의를 진행하겠습니다
= After everyone has reviewed the data thoroughly and is ready, we will proceed / continue with the meeting.

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “뺃따”

Notes: 뺏다 is used when the sentence is in the perspective of the person taking away an object. For example:
나는 슬기에게서 핸드폰을 뺏었어요 = I took Seulgi’s cell phone away from her

뺏기다 is used when the sentence is in the perspective of the person who had the object taken from him/her.
나는 슬기에게 핸드폰을 뺏겼어요 = I had my cell phone taken away by Seulgi

Common Usages:
강제로 뺏다 = to take away against one’s will

Examples:
우리 아들이 핸드폰을 많이 쓰고 있어서 핸드폰을 뺏어야 할 것 같아요
= Our son is using his cell-phone a lot, so we’ll probably have to take it away from him

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “뽑따”

Notes: 빼다 and 뽑다 have very similar meanings. 뽑다 is usually used when an object is stuck into something and you need to remove it. For example, when pulling out a hair (which is stuck into your skin) 뽑다 is usually used.  However, the usages often overlap. For example, when pulling out a tooth, it is acceptable to say “이빨을 뽑다” or “이빨을 빼다.”

Common Usages:
돈을 뽑다 = to take out money (from an ATM)
이빨을 뽑다 = to pull out a tooth
머리카락을 뽑다 = to pull out a hair
피를 뽑다 = to take out blood

Example:
그 이를 뽑아야 될 것 같아요 = We will probably have to pull out that tooth

It is also used to indicate that one “chooses” amongst a bunch of choices. For example:
그들은 많은 후보자들 중에서 저를 뽑았어요 = They chose me from many candidates

그 남자가 어떻게 생겼는지 상관없이 경험이 많아서 우리는 그를 뽑아야 돼요
= Regardless of the way that man looks, he’s got lots of experience so we have to hire him

저는 열 가지 주제 중에 자연이라는 주제를 뽑아서 이에 맞는 설계도를 만들어야 해요
= Among ten themes, I picked one titled “Nature,” and I have to make a diagram that fits this topic

The noun form of this word (“성공”) translates to “success”

Common Usages:
성공률 = success rate

Examples:
제가 친구의 성공을 너무 기뻐했어요 = I am very happy/glad about/of my friend’s success
성공하고 싶으면 매일 열심히 해야 돼요 = If you want to succeed, you need to work hard every day

게임을 하는 것만큼 일을 열심히 하면 성공할 수 있다
= If you work as much as you play games, you can succeed

가난한 집안에서 태어나 이렇게 큰 성공을 이룬 이 사람의 이야기는 신화와 같아요
= The story of this person being born into a poor family and achieving this much success is like a myth/legend

The noun form of this word (“연결”) translates to “a connection”

Examples:
TV를 켜고 싶으면 이거를 TV에 연결해야 해요
= If you want to turn on the TV, you need to connect this thing to the TV

핸드폰 배터리가 떨어져서 집에 도착하자마자 충전기에 연결해서 충전을 했어요
= I ran out of battery, so as soon as I arrived home I connected (my phone) to my charger and charged it

The noun form of this word (“협조”) translates to “cooperation”
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “협쪼하다”

Common Usages:
협조를 구하다 = to ask/request for help/cooperation

Examples:
이 일을 끝내고 싶으면 우리는 협조해야 해요
= If you want to finish this work, we need to cooperate

경찰은 이 지역의 살인사건의 단서를 찾기 위해 지역주민들에게 협조를 구했다
= In order to find clues concerning the locality’s murder incident, police sought cooperation from local residents

Common Usages:
꿈이 생생하다 = for a dream to be vivid

Examples:
어제 꾼 꿈 내용이 아직도 생생해서 기분이 이상해요
= I still vividly remember the contents of my dream (what I dreamed about) yesterday, so I feel weird

이 그림은 각 색깔의 느낌을 생생하게 표현해서 더 높은 가치가 있습니다
= This painting has a higher value because it vividly expresses the feeling of each color

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “성수카다”

Examples:
직장에서 성숙하게 행동해야 돼요 = You need to act maturely at work

저는 막내이지만 형과 누나보다 더 성숙해요
= Even though I am the youngest I am more mature than my older brother and sister

보통 청소년기에 여학생들이 남학생들보다 더 성숙해요
= Usually during adolescence, female students are more mature than male students

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “실쩨”

Common Usages:
실제상황 = actual/real-life situation

Examples:
실제 나이를 말해야 돼요 = You need to say your real/actual age

중학교 때 처음 해리포터 영화를 봤는데 내가 실제로 영화에서 본 장소를 갈 생각을 하니 너무 기분이 좋았다 = When I was in middle school I saw a Harry Potter film for the first time, and thinking about actually living in the place seen in the movie, I felt good.

This is the adverb form of the adjective 가깝다

Examples:
그렇게 가까이 앉을 필요가 없어요 = There’s no need to sit that close
시력이 워낙 안 좋아서 화면에 가까이 있어야 되었어요= My eyesight isn’t good, so I had to be close to the screen

Common Usages:
운명적으로 사랑에 빠지다 = to fall in love fatefully

Examples:
저와 윌리는 부다페스트에서 운명적으로 사랑에 빠졌어요
= Willy and I fell in love in Budapest by fate/fatefully (this is actually true!)

운명적으로 같은 장소, 같은 시간에 저는 똑 같은 사람을 마주쳤어요
= Fatefully (by fate), at the same place, at the same time, I bumped into the same person

Notes:  반말 is the word for the “casual speaking” that Korean people use when speaking with friends or somebody in a lower position. The opposite of 반말 is 존댓말.

Examples:
신입생들에게 반말을 해야지 = You should speak in 반말 to the freshmen students
친구들끼리는 반말을 쓰고, 어른들과 대화를 할 때는 존댓말을 써요 = Use informal/casual speech among friends, and when conversing with adults, use formal speech

Notes: 워낙 has two meanings, and it is often hard to know which meaning is being used in a sentence. One meaning allows it to be used much like “아주” or “매우” to have the meaning of “very.” For example:

그 학생이 워낙 조용해요 = That student is very quiet

It can also be used to indicate that something has always been the case. This often translates to “originally” or “by nature,” and is similar to the meaning of “원래” in Korean. For example:

그 학생이 워낙 조용해요 = That student, by nature, is quiet

I talked about this with my wife. She said, even for her, it would be difficult to understand/decide which meaning is trying to be used by the speaker. As is typical in Korean, you would have to rely on the context of the conversation to help you decipher the meaning.