Lesson 41: To Give: 주다, ~아/어 주다

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “동뇨”

Common Usages:
동료애 = feelings you have towards your peers (“a camaraderie”)
회사동료 = colleague at work
직장동료 = colleague at work

Examples:
동료가 그 일을 저에게 설명해 줬어요 = A colleague explained that work to me

그 회사원이 승진을 해서 동료들한테 인기를 얻었어요
= That worker was promoted and gained popularity with his coworkers

저는 오늘 직장동료들과 회식이 있어서 집에 늦게 들어갔어요
= I went home late today because I had a staff dinner with colleagues from work

Notes: 사거리 is an intersection where four roads meet at one point (two perpendicular roads). The word “삼거리” is also possible, which describes an intersection where three roads meet at one point.

Common Usages:
It is common to place a neighborhood name before “사거리” to describe the big intersection that defines a neighborhood in Korea.

Examples:
우리는 사거리에서 왼쪽으로 돌았어요 = We turned left at the intersection
이 사거리를 지나면 고속도로가 시작돼요 = If you go past this intersection, the highway starts
전철역 앞 사거리에 있는 스타벅스에 항상 사람이 많아요 = At the Starbucks on the intersection in front of the subway station there are always a lot of people

Notes: When children in Korea turn four years old, they usually attend an “어린이집” for one to three years. Sometime before they turn eight years old, they will start to attend a “유치원.” When they turn eight years old, they start attending elementary school. At an 어린이집, they will do some educational activities, but it is more of a day care center. A 유치원 is more focused on education.

Common Usages:
어린이집을 다니다 = to attend a day care
어린이집에 보내다 = to send somebody to a day care
어린이집 선생님 = a person (or teacher) who works at a day care

Examples:
선생님은 밤에 우리를 위해 어린이집을 잠깐 열어 줬어요
= The teacher opened the daycare for us at night for a little bit (for us/me)

보통 유치원에 가기 전에 아이들은 어린이집에 가요
= Usually kids go to day care before they go to kindergarten

점점 더 일하는 여성들이 많아지면서 어린이집 수요는 늘고 있어요
= Gradually as there are more females who are working, the demand for day cares is increasing

Notes: When children in Korea turn four years old, they usually attend an “어린이집” for one to three years. Sometime before they turn eight years old, they will start to attend a “유치원.” When they turn eight years old, they start attending elementary school. At an 어린이집, they will do some educational activities, but it is more of a care center. A 유치원 is more focused on education.
In Canada, kindergarten is usually connected with elementary schools. In Korea, kindergartens are usually businesses with no affiliation to an elementary school.

Common Usages:
유치원생 = a kindergarten student
유치원 선생님 = kindergarten teacher
유치원 반 = a kindergarten class (a group of kids)
유치원을/에 다니다 = to attend a day care

Examples:
우리 아이를 이 유치원에 받아 주세요 = Please accept our child into this kindergarten
저는 5살부터 유치원을 다니기 시작했어요 = I started attending kindergarten from 5 years of age
아이들은 유치원에서 사회에서 필요한 사회능력을 배우기 시작해요 = Kids start learning social skills that they need in society in kindergarten

Notes: Just like in English “뿌리” can refer to the roots of a plant, or also one’s background

Common Usages:
나무뿌리 = root of a tree
뿌리염색 = dying the roots of one’s hair

Examples:
자기의 뿌리를 잊지 말아 주세요 = Please don’t forget your roots

나무뿌리가 썩지 않게 물을 너무 많이 주면 안돼요
= You shouldn’t give too much water so that the root of the tree doesn’t rot

염색을 밝은 색으로 하면 주기적으로 뿌리염색을 해야 해서 귀찮아요
= It is annoying when you dye your hair a bright color because you need to dye your roots periodically

Common Usages:
해외무역 = international trade
무역센터 = trade center
무역협정을 맺다 = to enter into a trade agreement
무역회사 = trade company

Examples:
해외무역건물이 어디 있는지 보여주세요 = Please show me where the international trade building is
무역회사에서 일하고 싶으면 기본적으로 영어를 할 줄 알아야 해요 = If you want to work at a trade company, you need to know how to speak basic English (at a basic level)

Common Usages:
턱받이 = bib
턱걸이 = chin-up
주걱턱 = a big chin
턱이 길다 = to have a long chin

Examples:
남자가 생각하면서 턱을 긁었어요 = The man scratched his chin while he thought
너무 딱딱한 음식을 많이 먹으면 턱에 무리가 가서 좋지 않아요 = If you eat a lot of hard food, it puts too much stress on your chin so it is not good

Examples:
이번에는 우리가 공을 왼발로 차 볼 거예요 = This time, we will try to kick the ball with our left feet
몇몇 사람들은 왼발이 오른발보다 크기가 커요 = Some people’s left foot is larger than their right foot

Common Usages:
왼손잡이 = a left handed person

Examples:
왼손만 주세요 = Give me only your left hand
대부분 사람들은 왼손으로 글을 못 써요 = Most people can’t write with their left hand

왼손잡이이면 가끔 일상생활을 할 때 불편할 때가 있어요
= If you are left handed, sometimes things in daily life are uncomfortable

왼손 오른손 골고루 사용하는 것이 뇌 발달에 좋아요
= It is good for the development of one’s brain to use one’s right and left hand equally/evenly

Examples:
이 양말을 오른발에 신겨 주세요 = Please put this sock on my right foot

저는 특히 오른발이 왼발보다 커서 신발을 살 때 불편해요
= My right foot is particularly larger than my left foot, so it is hard for me to buy shoes

Common Usages:
오른손잡이 = a right handed person

Examples:
저는 오른손 잡이여서 오른손을 훨씬 더 많이 사용해요
= I’m right-handed, so I use my right hand much more

정답을 모르는 사람은 오른손을 올려 주세요
= The people who don’t know the answer, please raise your right hand

왼손 오른손 골고루 사용하는 것이 뇌 발달에 좋아요
= It is good for the development of one’s brain to use one’s right and left hand equally/evenly

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “손빠닥”

Examples:
엄마가 나의 볼을 손바닥으로 때렸어요 = My mom slapped me on my cheek with the palm of her hand
엄마가 과자를 내 손바닥에 놓아 주었어 = Mom put some candy into my hands (on my palms) for me

손바닥에 있는 손금에 따라 미래를 예측하는 사람이 있어요
= There are people who can predict your future based on the lines on your palm

박수를 많이 치면 손바닥에 자극을 줘서 건강에 좋아요
= Clapping a lot gives your palms stimulation so it is good for one’s health

Notes: The word “목소리” typically refers to one’s actual voice, as in the sound that comes out of one’s mouth. “음성” is typically placed before a noun to indicate that the noun is related to “voices.” For example, a voice recognition system in Korea would be called “음성인식시스템” but probably not a “목소리인식시스템”

Common Usages:
음성메시지 = voice message
음성녹음 = voice recording

Examples:
음성 메시지를 남겨 주세요 = Please leave me a voice message

요즘에 거의 모든 핸드폰에 음성 녹음 기능이 있어요
= These days almost all cell phones have a voice recording function

핸드폰에 전화를 해서 상대방이 전화를 받지 않으면 음성 메시지로 넘어가요
= If you call somebody and they don’t answer, it goes to voice message

Common Usages:
이마가 넓다 = to have a big (wide) forehead
이마가 좁다 = to have a small (narrow) forehead

Examples:
이마가 좀 아파요 = My forehead is a little bit sore
이것을 이마에 붙여 주세요 = Please stick this on my forehead
저는 이마가 넓어서 꼭 앞머리가 있어야 해요 = I have a big forehead, so I need to have bangs
이마의 모양에 따라 사람마다 어울리는 헤어스타일이 달라요 = Depending on the shape of one’s forehead, the hairstyle that suits a person is different

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “발까락”

Examples:
제가 빨리 걸어서 발가락을 부딪혔어요 = Because I was walking fast I stubbed my toe
사람마다 제일 긴 발가락이 달라요 = The longest toe is different for everybody

Common Usages:
발목을 찌다 = to sprain one’s ankle
발목이 얇다 = to have thin ankles

Examples:
발목이 아파서 잠깐 봐 주세요 = My ankle is sore, so please look at it for a second

발목이 얇을수록 신발을 살 때 선택의 폭이 넓어져요
= The thinner your ankles are, the more types/wider range of shoes you can choose from

운동을 하다 발목을 다치는 사람이 많기 때문에 꼭 조심해야 해요
= Be sure to be careful because there are many people who hurt their ankles while exercising

Examples:
제 엉덩이를 만지지 말아 주세요 = Please don’t touch my bum
장거리 운전을 하면 엉덩이가 아파요 = When/if you drive long distances, your bum will be sore
요즘에는 예쁜 엉덩이 라인을 만들기 위해 스쿼트 운동이 유행하고 있어요 = These days, in order to make a good butt-line, doing squats is getting popular

Common Usages:
신체비율 = body ratio
건강한 신체 건강한 정신 = strong body strong mind
신체검사 = body check up

Examples:
각 나라마다 사람들의 평균 신체비율이 달라요 = Each country has a different average body ratio
한국에서는 남자들이 군대에 가기 전에 꼭 신체검사를 받아야 해요 = In Korea, before men go to the army, they need to get a physical (check up)

Notes: Korean prisons serve rice with beans a lot so people often say “콩밥을 먹다” to indicate that a person is in prison.

Common Usages:
감옥살이 = prison life

Examples:
저를 감옥에 넣지 말아 주세요! = Please don’t put me in prison!

살인자 박씨는 재판 후에 50년형을 선고 받고 감옥에 갔어요
= The murderer, Mr Park, received a 50-year sentence after his trial and went to prison

보통 범죄자들이 감옥살이를 한 후 퇴소하면 일반 사회에 적응 하기 힘들어요
= Usually, after prison life, criminals have difficulty adjusting to normal society when released

Examples:
볼에 이 로션을 발라 주세요 = Please put this lotion on my cheeks
엄마가 나의 볼를 손바닥으로 때렸어요 = My mom slapped me on my cheek with the palm of her hand

슬기의 볼이 통통하고 귀여워서 매일 뽀뽀해주고 싶어요
= Seulgi’s cheeks are very chubby and cute, so I want kiss them everyday

프랑스에서는 인사를 할 때 상대방의 볼에 얼굴을 대고 인사해요
= In France when you greet a person, you put your face to the other person’s cheek

Common Usages:
제자리걸음 = to be walking but standing still (also refers to something that “isn’t going anywhere”)

Examples:
책을 읽은 후에 제자리에 둬야 해요  = After reading the book, you have to put it back in the right place
저의 영어 실력은 아무리 열심히 해도 제자리걸음이라 너무 실망스러워요

= No matter how hard I try, my English ability is at a standstill (I’m spinning my wheels with English) so I’m really disappointed

Common Usages:
상대방 = the other party/person/adversary
상대방을 앞지르다 = to pass/go ahead of an opponent

Examples:
경찰관은 밖에 있는 미친 사람과 상대해 줬어요
= The policeman dealt with the crazy person outside (for me)

제가 외국 사람이라서 이 회사에서 저를 상대해 주고 싶은 사람이 없어요
= Nobody wants to deal with me at this company because I’m a foreigner

서비스직은 사람들을 상대해야 하기 때문에 생각보다 힘들어요
= Because it is necessary to deal with people in the service industry, it is more difficult (than perceived)

Common Usages:
미쳤어?! = Are you crazy?!

Examples:
저는 피자를 너무 좋아해서 피자만 보면 미쳐요 = I like pizza so much that even when I see pizza I go crazy
좋은 성적을 받기 위해 저는 일년 동안 공부에 미쳤었어요 = I studied like crazy for a year to get a good grade

This is the adverb form of the adjective 멀다.

Notes: Particles aren’t usually added to adverbs. However, ~에서 is often added to 멀리 to express that something comes from (or is done) “far away.” 멀리에서 is sometimes shortened to “멀리서”.”

할머니가 오늘 멀리에서 오셨어요 = Grandma came from far away today
멀리서 그가 수업이 끝나고 걸어 오는 것이 보였다 = I saw him from far away finish class and come walking

Examples:
직장에서 더 멀리 이사하게 되었어요 = I ended up moving farther away from work
저는 멀리 살고 있기 때문에 집까지 걸어가기 힘들어요 = It is difficult to walk home because I live far
서울에서 멀리 살수록 집값이 더 저렴해져요 = The farther you live from Seoul, the more affordable housing prices become

Examples:
그를 너무나 사랑했지만 언어장벽으로 인해 떠나야 했어요
= I loved him a lot, but I had to leave (him) due to a language barrier

이 일이 너무나 불공평한 걸 알았지만 그냥 받아들이기로 했어요
= I knew this job was very unfair, but I just decided to accept it

Examples:
저의 와이프가 그 식품을 한국에 최초로 수입했어요
= My wife was the first person to import that (food) product to Korea

달에 최초로 착륙하는 사람은 Neil Armstrong이었어요
= The first person to land on the moon was Neil Armstrong

최초로 하늘을 나는 비행기구를 만든 사람들은 라이트형제예요
= The first people that made an airplane that flies in the sky were the Wright Brothers

Notes: 초 is placed after an indication of time to indicate that something occurs at the “beginning” of the indicated time period.

Common Usages:
1월 초 = at the beginning of January
2월 초 = at the beginning of February
학기 초 = at the beginning of a semester

Examples:
내년 초에 오빠가 돈을 보내 줄 거예요 = My brother will send the money early next year
이달 초에 친구들과 모임이 많을 거여서 매우 바쁠 것 같아요 = I will probably be very busy at the beginning of this month because I have a lot of meetings with friends

Notes: 말 is placed after an indication of time to indicate that something occurs at the “end” of the indicated time period.

Common Usages:
1월 말 = at the end of January
2월 말 = at the end of February
학기 말 = at the end of a semester
기말고사 = final exam

Examples: 6월 말에 돈을 주세요 = Give me the money at the end of June
매년 말에 한 해를 마무리하는 행사가 많아요 = There are a lot of events that close out the year at the end of every year

Examples:
저는 결코 그 사람을 한 번도 사랑한 적이 없어요
= I have really never loved that person (not even once)

사람들이 제가 거짓말을 했다고 생각하지만 저는 결코 거짓말을 하지 않았어요
= Many people think that I lied, but I (really) never lied